![]() The small size and quiet operation of a scroll compressor allow for the unit to be built into high power density computers, like IBM mainframes. Thus the scroll mechanism is itself more tolerant of liquid ingestion but at the same time is more prone to experience it in operation. Their corresponding strength is in the lack of suction valves which moves the most probable point of failure to the drive system which may be made somewhat stronger. ![]() This is a weakness in terms of liquid handling. This allows them to have very small shell enclosures which reduces overall cost but also results in smaller free volume. Scroll compressors tend to be very compact and smooth running and so do not require spring suspension. The more steady flow yields lower gas pulsations, lower sound and lower vibration of attached piping, while having no influence on the compressor operating efficiency. Therefore, it is difficult to state whether scroll compressors have lower pulsation levels than reciprocating compressors as has often been claimed by some suppliers of scroll compressors. The presence of multiple cylinders in reciprocating compressors reduces suction and discharge pulsations. Reciprocating compressor have multiple cylinders (typically, anywhere from two to six), while scroll compressors only have one compression element. The scroll discharge and suction processes occur for a full rotation, compared to less than a half-rotation for the reciprocating suction process, and less than a quarter-rotation for the reciprocating discharge process. The compression process occurs over approximately 2 to 2½ rotations of the crankshaft, compared to one rotation for rotary compressors, and one-half rotation for reciprocating compressors. They were not commercially produced for air conditioning until 1983 when Hitachi launched the world's first air conditioner with a scroll compressor. In 1981, Sanden began manufacturing the first commercially available scroll compressors for automobile air conditioners. The first practical scroll compressors did not appear on the market until after World War II, when higher-precision machine tools enabled their construction. However, the scroll expander engine could not overcome the machining hurdles of radial compliance inherit to achieving efficiency in scroll operation that would not be adequately addressed until the works of Niels Young in 1975. In the 1905 patent, Creux defines a co-orbiting or spinning reversible steam expander driven by a fixed radius crank on a single shaft. Creux invented the compressor as a rotarysteam engine concept, but the metal casting technology of the period was not sufficiently advanced to construct a working prototype, since a scroll compressor demands very tight tolerances to function effectively. Léon Creux first patented a scroll compressor in 1905 in France and the US (Patent number 801182). ![]()
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